节蛙科（学名：Arthroleptidae）是两栖纲无尾目的一科。该科包括8属200余种，体型小，体长不超过4厘米。它们主要栖息在林地地表的落叶层上，完全陆栖，因此没有蝌蚪阶段。它们会在地面、岩石裂缝或落叶中产卵，有些孵化出来直接是完成变态的小蛙，另一些则留有尾巴。

分布范围

节蛙科的成员主要分布于撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲地区，包括喀麦隆到刚果一带的热带雨林中。

生活习性

科学家在研究节蛙科的过程中，发现了这一科类群中的一部分成员具有戏剧性的防御模式：在遇到危险时，它们会将骨头折断，之后锋利的“爪”会刺透趾垫从断裂处长出，还可使其更牢固的抓住岩石。然而，这种防御模式的进化原因尚未明确。

下级分类

节蛙科（Arthroleptidae）包括节蛙亚科（Arthroleptinae）和小黑蛙亚科（Leptopelinae），共8属200余种，分布于撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲。

小型的陆栖蛙，体长不到4厘米，主要栖息在林地地表的落叶层上。大多身体细长，有或无蹼。繁殖时腋部抱合，将卵产于水中，可孵化成自由游泳的蝌蚪。

节林蛙属（Arthroleptis）等少数类群在陆地产卵，一次约10～30枚，卵直接孵出具尾或不具尾的幼蛙，以适应陆地生活。

发蛙（Trichobatrachus robustus）又称壮发蛙、骨折蛙、多毛蛙、毛毛蛙，分布于非洲中部。发蛙还以能伸缩的“爪”而著名，不过这种爪并不是由角蛋白构成的真正的爪，而是骨骼。遇到危险时，发蛙会将骨头折断，之后锋利的“爪”会刺透趾垫从断裂处长出，还可使其更牢固的抓住岩石。

雄蛙的尾部有狭长的肺憩室，繁殖期的雄性发蛙还会在腹部和后肢两侧上长出毛发状的真皮乳突，内含很多微小动脉，陆栖时可以增加表皮的吸氧量，其作用相当于水栖时的外鳃，也因此得名。

属级分类

节林蛙属 Arthroleptis:Arthroleptis adelphus Perret, 1966 Foulassi Screeching Frog

Arthroleptis adolfifriederici Nieden, 1911 Rugegewald Screeching Frog

Arthroleptis affinis Ahl, 1939 Ahl's Squeaker

Arthroleptis bivittatus Müller, 1885 Tumbo-Insel Screeching Frog

Arthroleptis brevipes ahl, 1924 Togo Screeching Frog

Arthroleptis carquejai Ferreira, 1906 Carqueja's Squeaker

Arthroleptis crusculum Angel, 1950 Guinea Screeching Frog

Arthroleptis discodactylus Laurent, 1954 Laurent's Screeching Frog

Arthroleptis francei Loveridge, 1953 Ruo River Screeching Frog

Arthroleptis hematogaster Laurent, 1954 Itombwe Screeching Frog

Arthroleptis lameerei De Witte, 1921 Lameer's Squeaker

Arthroleptis lonnbergi Nieden, 1915 Lonnberg's Squeaker

Arthroleptis loveridgei De Witte, 1933 Loveridge's Screeching Frog

Arthroleptis milletihorsini Angel, 1922 Mali Screeching Frog

Arthroleptis mossoensis Laurent, 1954 Mosso Screeching Frog

Arthroleptis nikeae Poynton, 2003 耐克's Squeaker

Arthroleptis nimbaensis Angel, 1950 Mount Nimba Screeching Frog

Arthroleptis phrynoides Laurent, 1976 Lomami Screeching Frog

Arthroleptis poecilonotus Peters, 1863 Mottled Squeaker

Arthroleptis pyrrhoscelis Laurent, 1952 Kivu Screeching Frog

Arthroleptis reichei Nieden, 1911 Reiche's Squeaker

Arthroleptis schubotzi Nieden, 1911 Schubotz's Squeaker

Arthroleptis spinalis Boulenger, 1919 Tanganyika Screeching Frog

Arthroleptis stenodactylus Pfeffer, 1893 Common Squeaker

Arthroleptis stridens Pickersgill, 2007 Kambai Squeaker

Arthroleptis sylvaticus Laurent, 1954 Forest Screeching Frog

Arthroleptis taeniatus Boulenger, 1906 Striped Screeching Frog

Arthroleptis tanneri Grandison, 1983 Tanzania Screeching Frog

Arthroleptis troglodytes Poynton, 1963 Cave Squeaker

Arthroleptis tuberosus Andersson, 1905 Rainforest Screeching Frog

Arthroleptis variabilis Matschie, 1893 Buea Screeching Frog

Arthroleptis vercammeni Laurent, 1954 Mwana Screeching Frog

Arthroleptis wahlbergii Smith, 1849 Wahlberg's Humus Frog

Arthroleptis xenochirus Boulenger, 1905 Plain Squeaker

Arthroleptis xenodactyloides Hewitt, 1933 Dwarf Squeaker

Arthroleptis xenodactylus Boulenger, 1909 Eastern Squeaker

Arthroleptis zimmeri Ahl, 1925 Zimmer's Screeching Frog

无胸柱林蛙属 Astylosternus:

Astylosternus batesi Boulenger, 1900 River Night Frog

Astylosternus diadematus Werner, 1898 Victoria Night Frog

Astylosternus fallax Amiet, 1978 Fopouanga Night Frog

Astylosternus laurenti Amiet, 1978 Laurent's Night Frog

Astylosternus montanus Amiet, 1978 Mountain Night Frog

Astylosternus nganhanus Amiet, 1978 Nganha Night Frog

Astylosternus occidentalis Parker, 1931 Western Night Frog

Astylosternus perreti Amiet, 1978 Perret's Night Frog

Astylosternus ranoides Amiet, 1978 Central Night Frog

Astylosternus rheophilus Amiet, 1978 Cameroon Range Night Frog

Astylosternus schioetzi Amiet, 1978 Apouh Night Frog

长指林蛙属 Cardioglossa:Cardioglossa alsco Herrmann, Herrmann, Schmitz, 2004 Alsco Long-fingered Frog

Cardioglossa aureoli Schitz, 1964 Freetown Long-fingered Frog

Cardioglossa cyaneospila Laurent, 1950 Mukuzira Long-fingered Frog

Cardioglossa elegans Boulenger, 1906 Elegant Long-fingered Frog

Cardioglossa escalerae Boulenger, 1903 Equatorial Guinea Long-fingered Frog

Cardioglossa gracilis Boulenger, 1900 Rio Benito Long-fingered Frog

Cardioglossa gratiosa Amiet,1972 Ongot Long-fingered Frog

Cardioglossa leucomystax Boulenger, 1903 Silver Long-fingered Frog

Cardioglossa melanogaster Amiet, 1972 Amiet's Long-fingered Frog

Cardioglossa nigromaculata Nieden, 1908 Blackspotted Long-fingered Frog

Cardioglossa oreas Amiet, 1972 Mount Okou Long-fingered Frog

Cardioglossa pulchra Schi?tz, 1963 黑色 Long-fingered Frog

Cardioglossa schioetzi Amiet, 1982 Acha Tugi Long-fingered Frog

Cardioglossa trifasciata Amiet, 1972 Nsoung Long-fingered Frog

Cardioglossa venusta Amiet, 1972 Highland Long-fingered Frog

暮林蛙属 Nyctibates：Nyctibates corrugatus Boulenger, 1904

暗蛙属 Scotobleps：Scotobleps gabonicus Boulenger, 1900

壮发蛙 Trichobatrachus：Trichobatrachus robustus Boulenger, 1900